READ THE QUESTION. RECOGNISE THE DEMAND.

UPSC Mains PYQs.
Thirteen years, organised by theme.

Search 1,043 questions across GS 1–4, including ethics case studies. Read them here, connect recurring demands and build an answer plan.

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1043 questions · Page 3 of 44

2025 · GS 3 · 10 marks

Protectionism and Currency Manipulations

What are the challenges before the Indian economy when the world is moving away from free trade and multilateralism to protectionism and bilateralism? How can these challenges be met?

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2025 · GS 3 · 10 marks

Inclusive Growth

Distinguish between the Human Development Index (HDI) and Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) with special reference to India. Why is the IHDI considered a better indicator of inclusive growth?

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2025 · GS 3 · 10 marks

Crop Diversification

Explain the factors influencing the decision of the farmers on the selection of high value crops in India.

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2025 · GS 3 · 15 marks

Mining and Erosion

Mineral resources are fundamental to the country economy and these are exploited by mining. Why is mining considered an environmental hazard? Explain the remedial measures required to reduce the environmental hazard due to mining.

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2025 · GS 3 · 10 marks

Organized Crime and Terrorism

Terrorism is a global scourge. How has it manifested in India? Elaborate with contemporary examples. What are the counter measures adopted by the State? Explain.

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2025 · GS 3 · 15 marks

Food Processing Sector

Examine the scope of the food processing industries in India. Elaborate the measures taken by the government in the food processing industries for generating employment opportunities.

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2025 · GS 3 · 15 marks

Maritime Security challenges

Why is maritime security vital to protect India’s sea trade? Discuss maritime and coastal security challenges and the way forward.

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2025 · GS 3 · 10 marks

Left-Wing Extremism

The Government of India recently stated that Left Wing Extremism (LWE) will be eliminated by 2026. What do you understand by LWE and how are the people affected by it? What measures have been taken by the government to eliminate LWE?

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2025 · GS 3 · 15 marks

UNFCCC

Write a review on India’s climate commitments under the Paris Agreement (2015) and mention how these have been further strengthened in COP26 (2021). In this direction, how has the first Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) intended by India been updated in 2022?

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2025 · GS 3 · 15 marks

Manufacturing Sector

Discuss the rationale of the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme. What are its achievements? In what way can the functioning and outcomes of the scheme be improved?

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2025 · GS 3 · 15 marks

Tech in Farm Productivity and Income

How does nanotechnology offer significant advancements in the field of agriculture? How can this technology help to uplift the socio-economic status of farmers?

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2025 · GS 3 · 15 marks

Fiscal Policy

Explain how the Fiscal Health Index (FHI) can be used as a tool for assessing the fiscal performance of states in India. In what way would it encourage the states to adopt prudent and sustainable fiscal policies?

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2025 · GS 4 · 10 marks

Social influence and persuasion

“For any kind of social re-engineering by successfully implementing welfare schemes, a civil servant must use reason and critical thinking in an ethical framework.” Justify this statement with suitable examples.

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2025 · GS 4 · 10 marks

Swami Vivekananda

“The strength of a society is not in its laws, but in the morality of its people.” – Swami Vivekananda

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2025 · GS 4 · 10 marks

Ethical Issues in International Relations and funding

Carl von Clausewitz once said, “War is a diplomacy by other means.” Critically analyse the above statement in the present context of contemporary geo-political conflict.

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2025 · GS 4 · 10 marks

Public/Civil Service Values

“One who is devoted to one’s duty attains highest perfection in life.” Analyse this statement with reference to sense of responsibility and personal fulfilment as a civil servant.

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2025 · GS 4 · 10 marks

Tirukkural

“Those who in trouble untroubled are, Will trouble trouble itself.” – Thiruvalluvar

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2025 · GS 4 · 10 marks

Work Culture

It is said that for an ethical work culture, there must be code of ethics in place in every organisation. To ensure value-based and compliance-based work culture, what suitable measures would you adopt in your work place?

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2025 · GS 4 · 10 marks

Applied Ethics x Technology

In the present digital age, social media has revolutionised our way of communication and interaction. However, it has raised several ethical issues and challenges. Describe the key ethical dilemmas in this regard.

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2025 · GS 4 · 20 marks

Ethical dilemmas and stakeholder reasoning

“Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Program, MGNREGA was earlier known as National Rural Employment Scheme, NREGA. It is an Indian Social Welfare Program that aimed at fulfilling the ‘Right to Work’ provisions made in the Constitution. MGNREGA was launched in 2006 under Rural Employment Sector by the Ministry of Rural Development. Main objective of the program is to give legal guarantee of wage employment to the adult members of rural households who are willing to do unskilled manual labour work subject to a maximum of 100 days …

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2025 · GS 4 · 10 marks

Accountability and Ethical Governance

“Constitutional morality is not a natural sentiment but a product of civil education and adherence of the rule of law.” Examine the significance of constitutional morality for public servant highlighting the role in promoting good governance and ensuring accountability in public administration.

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2025 · GS 4 · 10 marks

Utilization of public funds

India is an emerging economic power of the world as it has recently secured the status of fourth largest economy of the world as per IMF projection. However, it has been observed that in some sectors, allocated funds remain either under-utilised or misutilised. What specific measures would you recommend for ensuring accountability in this regard to stop leakages and gaining the status of third largest economy of the world in near future?

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2025 · GS 4 · 20 marks

Ethical dilemmas and stakeholder reasoning

”Ashok is Divisional Commissioner of one of the border districts of the North East State. A few years back, Military has taken over the neighbouring country after overthrowing the elected civil government. Civil law situation is prevailing in the country especially in last two years. However, internal situation further deteriorated due to rebel groups taking over control of certain populated areas near own border. Due to intense fight between military and rebel groups, civilian casualties has increased manifold in recent past. In the meantime, …

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2025 · GS 4 · 10 marks

Applied Ethics x Environment

Keeping the national security in mind, examine the ethical dilemmas related to controversies over environmental clearance of development projects in ecologically sensitive border areas in the country.

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The expanded collection is transcribed from the supplied theme-wise compilation. Original marks and wording are retained where available; consult the official paper if an extraction looks unclear.