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UPSC previous-year questions.
Ten years of demands.

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Ten years. The complete official papers.

Browse UPSC Mains papers from 2017 to 2026: General Studies, Essay, optional subjects and qualifying languages. Read the exact questions in the official PDFs; use our verified question collection below for selected in-app attempts.

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2023 · GS 3 · Q1

Industrial policy and supply chains

Faster economic growth requires increased share of the manufacturing sector in GDP, particularly of MSMEs. Comment on the present policies of the Government in this regard.

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2023 · GS 3 · Q2

Inclusive growth and employment

What is the status of digitalization in the Indian economy? Examine the problems faced in this regard and suggest improvements.

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2023 · GS 3 · Q3

Agricultural markets and food security

How does e-Technology help farmers in production and marketing of agricultural produce? Explain it.

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2023 · GS 3 · Q5

AI governance and data privacy

Introduce the concept of Artificial Intelligence (AI). How does AI help clinical diagnosis? Do you perceive any threat to privacy of the individual in the use of AI in healthcare?

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2023 · GS 3 · Q7

Disaster preparedness and resilient infrastructure

Dam failures are always catastrophic, especially on the downstream side, resulting in a colossal loss of life and property. Analyze the various causes of dam failures. Give two examples of large dam failures.

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2023 · GS 3 · Q8

Pollution and environmental governance

What is oil pollution? What are its impacts on the marine ecosystem? In what way is oil pollution particularly harmful for a country like India?

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2023 · GS 3 · Q11

Inclusive growth and employment

Most of the unemployment in India is structural in nature. Examine the methodology adopted to compute unemployment in the country and suggest improvements.

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2023 · GS 3 · Q15

Climate adaptation and just transition

The adoption of electric vehicles is rapidly growing worldwide. How do electric vehicles contribute to reducing carbon emissions and what are the key benefits they offer compared to traditional combustion engine vehicles?

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