2025 · GS 2 · 10 marks
Geo-politics affecting India’s Interest
With the waning of globalization, post-Cold War world is becoming a site of sovereign nationalism. Elucidate.
Read question →READ THE QUESTION. RECOGNISE THE DEMAND.
UPSC Mains PYQs.
Thirteen years, organised by theme.
Search 1,043 questions across GS 1–4, including ethics case studies. Read them here, connect recurring demands and build an answer plan.
1043 questions · Page 2 of 44
2025 · GS 2 · 10 marks
Bilateral Relations
India–Africa digital partnership is achieving mutual respect, co-development and long-term institutional partnerships. Elaborate.
Read question →2025 · GS 2 · 10 marks
Women
Women’s social capital complements in advancing empowerment and gender equity. Explain.
Read question →2025 · GS 2 · 10 marks
E-governance
E-governance projects have a built-in bias towards technology and back-end integration than user-centric designs. Examine.
Read question →2025 · GS 2 · 15 marks
Energy X Foreign Policy
“Energy security constitutes the dominant kingpin of India’s foreign policy, and is linked with India’s overarching influence in Middle Eastern countries.” How would you integrate energy security with India’s foreign policy trajectories in the coming years?
Read question →2025 · GS 2 · 15 marks
Amendments
Indian Constitution has conferred the amending power on the ordinary legislative institutions with a few procedural hurdles. In view of this statement, examine the procedural and substantive limitations on the amending power of the Parliament to change the Constitution.
Read question →2025 · GS 2 · 10 marks
Election Dispute and Disqualification
Discuss the ‘corrupt practices’ for the purpose of the Representation of the People Act, 1951. Analyze whether the increase in the assets of the legislators and/or their associates, disproportionate to their known sources of income, would constitute ‘undue influence’ and consequently a corrupt practice.
Read question →2025 · GS 2 · 10 marks
Tribunal
Comment on the need of administrative tribunals as compared to the court system. Assess the impact of the recent tribal reforms through rationalization of tribunals made in 2021.
Read question →2025 · GS 2 · 10 marks
Constitutional Comparison
Compare and contrast the President’s power to pardon in India and in the USA. Are there any limits to it in both the countries? What are ‘preemptive pardons’?
Read question →2025 · GS 2 · 15 marks
United Nations and its Agencies
“The reform process in the United Nations remains unresolved, because of the delicate imbalance of East and West and entanglement of the USA vs. Russo-Chinese alliance.” Examine and critically evaluate the East-West policy confrontations in this regard.
Read question →2025 · GS 2 · 15 marks
Federalism
Examine the evolving pattern of Centre-State financial relations in the context of planned development in India. How far have the recent reforms impacted the fiscal federalism in India?
Read question →2025 · GS 2 · 15 marks
Statutory Bodies
The National Commission for Protection of Child Rights has to address the challenges faced by children in the digital era. Examine the existing policies and suggest measures the Commission can initiate to tackle the issue.
Read question →2025 · GS 2 · 10 marks
Union Territory
Discuss the nature of Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly after the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act, 2019. Briefly describe the powers and functions of the Assembly of the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
Read question →2025 · GS 2 · 15 marks
Constitutional Morality
“Constitutional morality is the fulcrum which acts as an essential check upon the high functionaries and citizens alike...” In view of the above observation of the Supreme Court, explain the concept of constitutional morality and its application to ensure balance between judicial independence and judicial accountability in India.
Read question →2025 · GS 2 · 15 marks
Structural reforms and Actions
“In contemporary development models, decision-making and problem-solving responsibilities are not located close to the source of information and execution, defeating the objectives of development.” Critically evaluate.
Read question →2025 · GS 2 · 15 marks
Poverty
Inequality in the ownership pattern of resources is one of the major causes of poverty. Discuss in the context of ‘paradox of poverty’.
Read question →2025 · GS 3 · 10 marks
Agri-Marketing
Elaborate the scope and significance of supply chain management of agricultural commodities in India.
Read question →2025 · GS 3 · 15 marks
Manufacturing Sector
India aims to become a semiconductor manufacturing hub. What are the challenges faced by the semiconductor industry in India? Mention the salient features of the India Semiconductor Mission.
Read question →2025 · GS 3 · 10 marks
Air Pollution and Related Issues
What is Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS)? What is the potential role of CCUS in tackling climate change?
Read question →2025 · GS 3 · 10 marks
Water Pollution and Related Issues
Seawater intrusion in the coastal aquifers is a major concern in India. What are the causes of seawater intrusion and the remedial measures to combat this hazard?
Read question →2025 · GS 3 · 10 marks
Nuclear Technology
The fusion energy programme in India has steadily evolved over the past few decades. Mention India’s contributions to the international fusion energy project International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). What will be the implications of the success of this project for the future of global energy?
Read question →2025 · GS 3 · 15 marks
Water Pollution and Related Issues
Examine the factors responsible for depleting groundwater in India. What are the steps taken by the government to mitigate such depletion of groundwater?
Read question →2025 · GS 3 · 15 marks
N-E Insurgency
What are the major challenges to internal security and peace process in the North-Eastern States? Map the various peace accords and agreements initiated by the government in the past decade.
Read question →2025 · GS 3 · 10 marks
Bio-Technology
How can India achieve energy independence through clean technology by 2047? How can biotechnology play a crucial role in this endeavour?
Read question →The expanded collection is transcribed from the supplied theme-wise compilation. Original marks and wording are retained where available; consult the official paper if an extraction looks unclear.