India has a long and troubled border with China and Pakistan fraught with contentious issues. Examine the conflicting issues and security challenges along the border. Also give out the development being undertaken in these areas under the Border Area Development Programme (BADP) and Border Infrastructure and Management (BIM) Scheme.
This question is available to read here. The practice button generates a fresh question from the same paper. Here, practise an answer plan in keywords. Choose your timer on the next screen. Feedback uses our common 15-point practice rubric, rather than the paper’s original mark allocation.
On September 20, 2026, a new border pact between Pakistan and China was officially announced, aimed at formalizing administrative arrangements along their shared frontier. While the agreement is presented by the signatories as a technical demarcation effort, it directly concerns disputed territories in the Kashmir region, which India considers an integral part of its sovereign territory. The development has drawn immediate diplomatic objection from New Delhi, as it challenges India's historical claims and signifies a deepened strategic nexus between Islamabad and Beijing. This event highlights the evolving geopolitical dynamics in the Himalayas, where bilateral agreements are increasingly utilized to assert territorial control and strengthen regional partnerships.
Recent administrative directives in Bihar emphasizing enhanced collaboration between central security apparatuses and state machinery to manage the porous India-Nepal border underscore critical challenges in regional internal security. The push to curb illicit cross-border movement, alongside instructions to audit unregistered religious sites, highlights the intricate intersection of federal cooperative frameworks, border management, and local administrative enforcement.
In September 2026, the Tamil Nadu government intensified its commitment to gender-inclusive economic development by scaling up support for women-headed enterprises through the Vetri Magalir Thozhilmunaivor Membattu Thittam. Implemented via the Tamil Nadu Industrial Investment Corporation (TIIC), the initiative provides substantial financial backing with loans ranging from ₹10 lakh to ₹5 crore. Designed to address structural barriers in credit access, the scheme seeks to transition women entrepreneurs from micro-ventures to competitive industrial enterprises, bolstering regional manufacturing and inclusive employment.