UPSC Civil Services · 2018 · GS 3

Biodiversity

How does biodiversity vary in India? How is the Biological Diversity Act, 2002 helpful in conservation of flora and fauna?

Original exam: 15 marks

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GS 3 · Environment & disasters

Survey Discovers Six New Species from Periyar Tiger Reserve in Keralam

A recent four-day faunal survey conducted in the Periyar Tiger Reserve in Keralam has successfully documented six species previously unrecorded in the protected area. The newly discovered wildlife additions comprise one bird species, one butterfly species, and four odonate species. This documentation highlights the rich biodiversity harbored within protected reserves and underscores the critical role of periodic, targeted scientific assessments in tracking ecological health, monitoring micro-habitats, and updating baseline biodiversity inventories for effective wildlife management in the Western Ghats.

GS 3 · Environment & disasters

Assam Tiger Cub Rescue and Wildlife Rehabilitation in Flood-Prone Habitats

In September 2026, forest officials in Assam successfully rescued and returned a three-month-old tiger cub to the wild after it became entangled in a kitchen garden net in a fringe village. Separated from its mother due to turbulent Brahmaputra river currents during seasonal flooding, the cub's rescue underscores the compounding vulnerabilities faced by apex predators in fragile riverine ecosystems. This event illuminates the delicate balance between rapid institutional rescue mechanisms, veterinary oversight, and community-led vigilance in mitigating human-wildlife friction within critical ecological corridors.

GS 3 · Environment & disasters

Paleontological Revelations: Bats Originated in Europe 65 Million Years Ago

Recent scientific analysis has identified Europe as the cradle of bat evolution, with evidence dating their emergence to approximately 65 million years ago. This discovery, which coincides with the aftermath of the K-Pg extinction event, challenges previous hypotheses that suggested more recent or alternative geographic origins for the order Chiroptera. By utilizing advanced morphological and fossil dating techniques, researchers have mapped the rapid diversification of early mammalian species into the ecological vacuums left by the extinction of non-avian dinosaurs, providing a critical foundation for understanding the unique evolutionary endurance of modern bats.